Introduction and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of potato waste on growth performance and carcass traits of broiler chickens. Material and Methods: The study carried out in a completely randomized design with five treatments, four replications, 14 broiler chicks each. The experimental diets were consisted of three levels of potato wastes (0, 15 and 25%) and two levels of multi-enzyme (0 and 0. 2%). Results: Feed intake was not affected by the type of experimental diet during the growth period, the final period and the whole rearing period. Daily weight gain was not significantly different between the experimental groups but at the end of the experiment and the control group was better than other treatments. Growth conversion factor was lower in the potato-treated groups than in the control group. In the final period, the feed conversion ratio in the control group was significantly lower than the other experimental groups and this was also observed throughout the rearing period. It had no effect on carcass percentage, and relative weights of pancreas, liver, bursa Fabricius, spleen and heart. The ratio of intestinal length to live weight in birds fed 25% of potato lesions was higher than other groups. Potato lesions in the diet increased the relative weight of the gizzard and decreased abdominal fat compared to the control group (P<0. 05). Canclusion: According to the results of this study, the use of potato plus enzyme in relation to different levels of non-enzyme potato wastes had a positive effect on HDL cholesterol, intestinal morphometery and body weight gain in broilers.

One of the most important resources of every country is soil. Today, its erosion and producing deposit is a difficult that is increasing progressively and causes to lose surface soil of slope, sediment accumulation in reservoirs, sedimentation in channels and enormous damage to the economy. In this research the gullies of region Salavat Abad-Bijar was studied. Dimension of gullies was studied by using field surveys. The parameters of width, depth, the ratio of width to depth, the channel angel and the parameters of gully shape obtained the cross-sections were estimated. Then these data was clustered by SPSS software and analyzed by the effectiveness of each variable in clusters by variance analysis and used mann-whitney U for assessing difference of each variable with litology. Among of parameters, slope and depth of gully have a significant difference with litology. According to this clustering the gullies is divided into three clusters. The results of test show homogeneity that among the different factors, only slope has been effective in the gullies of region and the reminded parameters has not been effectiveness as the direct factor on gullies, therefore we concludes in the region studied, the morphometric indexes cannot interfere in clustering as an effective factor. Also, it was surveyed the difference among the numbers of gullies in this span under study along with the factors of the amplitude shape, land use, the sensitive level to gullies, slope and the direction of amplitude by using Kruskalwallis H test. The results of this test showed that there is a significant difference among the number of gullies with the mentioned factors in the meaningful level of 0.05.

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of morphometry, viscosity and liquefaction of semen on frozen sperm quality. Semen was collected once a week for 3 weeks from 5 Ghezel rams. Total and progressive motility, viability, abnormal sperm, concentration, viscosity, and liquefaction were studied in fresh sperm. After dilution the suitable samples, straws (0. 25 ml) were filled and after cooling and reaching to 5 °,C, are placed in 4 cm above liquid nitrogen for 8 minutes and then, ultimately were immersed in liquid nitrogen. Samples were thawed on days 0, 20, 40, and 60 of the study to evaluate the characteristics of total motility, progressive motility, viability, plasma membrane health, acrosome integrity, and abnormal sperm percentage. The results of this study showed a negative and significant correlation between drop length and plasma membrane health (p <0. 05). Also, it was shown that there was a positive and significant correlation between semen string length and total motility (p <0. 01). There was a significant negative correlation between liquefaction and total motility, progressive motility and acrosome integrity (p <0. 01). There was a significant negative correlation between tail length and total sperm length with plasma membrane health (p <0. 01). As well as, there was no correlation between sperm head length and width with relevant parameters (p >0. 05). Whatever, the liquefaction time, sperm tail length and total length of sperm was smaller, the qualitative traits of sperm will be better preserved in the freezing process.

Gezir Watershed is located in Hormozgan Province and its area, is 225/05 km2, is one of the famous and significant watershed in this province because of its gully erosion "Gully erosion development in agricultural lands" and "high dependence of local people livelihood into agriculture" are two main reasons for choosing this watershed as the case study. In this research is study soil characteristics and catchment's topography and their relationship with information and morphometry of Gullies.According to the gully erosion analysis morphologic characteristic of gullies were measured and their profiles were delineated; soil characters such as PH, SAR, salinity and also silt, lime, and clay percentages were measured; and data relating to well drainage and discharge were collected. Results show that increasing the soil and water salinity, decreasing the underground water table, rainfall shortage, and also intense short duration rainfall are the main factors caused to gully development in Gezir Watershed. According to soil characteristic measurements, increasing the silt and clay percentage is another reason for gully development. Consequently, some important environmental change occurred due to less traditional soil and water conservation such as increasing the gully area, well numbers, water salinity, ratio between inactive and active wells, salinity and usefulness, and decreasing the high annual discharge of wells.

Dry climate, poor vegetation and relatively smooth surface and neighborhood with plain Lute are the most important factors that brought about wind erosion processes prevail in the Kerman region. Obviously, wind erosion rate and volume of material transfer depends on characteristics of speed and direction also frequency of wind as well as surface and sediment characteristics. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the morphology of sands, the state of effectiveness of wind dynamics and the causes of sand stabilization in the southern Kerman city. The data of this research are wind statistics of synoptic stations surrounding this area and characteristics of sand and tools of research are maps, aerial photographs, satellite images, laboratory equipment and mathematical models and computer software. To achieve the purpose of this research, statistics of wind stations surrounding Kerman obtained and were analyzed by wind rose. The sand samples have been fitted with wind speed threshold and then combined and compared with indicator obtained in laboratory operations. Results of statistical analysis of seasonal wind directions show that the dominant winds in the Kerman area mainly are blown in two major vectors northern and western. The seasonal wind's vector has been affected by the dimensions of thermal low pressure cyclone dominated in Lut that controlled winds along the margins of the Lut. Evaluating the general wind blowing vector and wind roses also their adjustment with topography of the region indicate that main direction of wind along the area affected by thermal expansion of seasonal cyclone dominant in the summer of Lut is North direction. Then because of Limitation of the scale of thermal cells during winter, wind in Kerman that located in vicinity of Lut is generally taken Western direction. Wind Channelizes along the mountain valleys and topography is effective in changing the direction of local ground-level winds.

Gully erosion is one of the most destructive types of hydraulic erosion and an important process in soil destruction that in some cases creates long, vast, deep canals. Study area was located in the northeastern Alborz, Mazandaran province and Nowshar County (Firozkola subbasin a portion of Kojur watershed). This paper examines gully morphometery in relation with physical and chemical characteristics of soil. The morphometery of gullies such as width, depth and slope were determined in field. Physical and chemical properties of soil such as exchange cation (EC), organic and inorganic carbon, soil acidity and soil texture were determined in the laboratory. Data analyses were performed by Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). The DCA analysis indicated that the width and slope are correlated with OC and clay negatively but they have positive correlation with pH. Hence, it's expected that following reduction of OC and clay and an increase in PH, gully width boosts. Besides, if EC increases and CaCO3 decreases, depth and w/d ratio of gully will increase.

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluat the protective effect of osteocalcin on testis tissue in adult azoospemic mice. Method and materials 25 Adult male mice were divided into five groups: the control group received normal saline for two months, PBS-DMSO group(received DMSO and after 5weeks they received PBS for 30 days), and busulfan group received a single dose of 40mg/kg busulfan intra-peritoneally, and busulfan-PBS group received 40mg/kg busulfan and after 5 weeks PBS daily for a month, and the busulfanosteocalcin group received 3ng/g/d osteocalcin, daily for one month, 5 weeks after a single dose of busulfan. Finally, after removal of the testis, tissues were fixed in bouin solution and stained by H&E. the sections were evaluated, and morphometric tests were done. Results No significant reduction was found in body weights of the groups, however left testis weight in osteocalcin group showed significant raise in comparison with azoospermic group (P˂ 0. 05). More ever, significant increase in seminiferous tubule diameter was observed in the osteocalcin group in comparison with (P˂ 0. 05). Testicular epithelium height was significantly increased in the osteocalcin group in comparison with azoospermic group (P˂ 0. 05). There weren’ t any significant changes in sertoli, leidyg, myoid counting among all the groups. The total number of spermatocyte, round spermatid, elongated spermatid and spermatogonia cells showed significant increase in osteocalcin group in comparison with busulfan and busulfan-PBS groups (P˂ 0. 05). Conclusion Osteocalcin can improve the cytotoxic effect of busulfan on spermatogenic. cells, also can improve spermatogenesis.

Gullies, as one of the water erosion’s form, are serious and minatory factor of environmental equilibrium and its sustainability. Study area in this research is Firouzkola cathment where located in Kojour district of Nowshar county of Mazandaran province. Gully morphometric data, using with survey of cross section of gully, measurement of depth and width in different sections, and slope of gully bed are obtained via field study. The data analysis was done using principal canonic analysis (PCA). The PCA result showed that total variance of axes (97.95%) has justified all variation of factors along with these axes. The evaluation exhibits that factor number one, as the most justification (46.616%), has maximum correlation to depth and rate of width to depth. The factors number two and three have justified the whole variance with 29.466 and 23.328 percentages, respectively. Correlation coefficient of axes with factors showed that width to the second axis (0.917), depth to the first axis (0.955), slope to the third axis (-0.890), and proportion of width and depth to the first axis (-0.895) have significantly correlated. In order to gullies sorting in this area, therefore, depth and rate of width to depth have preferred and have the most influence on ordination of gullies.

Background and Aim; Hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are frequent in obese population. Intestinal bypass surgery is a treatment modality for morbidly obese patients. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the prevalence and severity of NAFLD in patients undergoing a modified intestinal by pass (MIB) surgery.Methods: 43 consecutive morbidly obese patients (32 female, 11 male) with mean age; 34.7±9.5 year and mean BMI; 45.8±7.3 kg/m2 underwent MIB operation by a surgeon. In MIB the proximal end of the blind intestinal loop is connected to the gall bladder.A liver biopsy was obtained from 30 patients at the operation time. A repeated liver biopsy was performed after 16±0.5 months in 13 patients who accepted a postoperative liver biopsy. The degree of steatosis (0-4), necro- inflammation (0-18) and fibrosis (0-6) was scored in the all liver biopsies by a single liver pathologist.Results: Of the original liver biopsies 20% had normal histology, 43.3% had mild to moderate steatosis and 36.7% had NASH. The liver histology was remained without any change in 23.1%, showed some partial decrease in NAFLD severity in 38.5% and some increase in NAFLD severity in other 38.5%. The changes were not significant and no body suffered from a serious liver failure during our follow up.The average BMI dropped to 27.4 and 30.7 kg/m2 after 2 and 5 years consequently.Conclusion: Although about 40% of the patients had NASH, but MIB surgery did not accentuate NAFLD severity.